Meningioma parasagital y hematoma subdural crónico, una asociación inusual / Parasagittal meningioma and chronic subdural hematoma, unusual association

RESUMEN En muchas ocasiones, los pacientes con tumores cerebrales tienen una variedad de síntomas psiquiátricos inespecíficos. Algunos de estos pueden constituir la primera o única manifestación del tumor, sin la presencia de ningún síntoma o signo neurológico. El diagnóstico ha de basarse en la anamnesis completa y en la exploración neurológica; la neuroimagen confirmará el diagnóstico clínico. Con el presente trabajo se describió la asociación inusual de hematoma subdural crónico y meningioma parasagital en un caso presentado. Se trató de un paciente de 68 años con antecedentes de esquizofrenia. Acudió a consulta con una hemiparesia izquierda. Se le realizó una tomografía axial computarizada de cráneo y arrojó un hematoma subdural crónico y un meningioma parasagital derecho. Se le aplicó tratamiento quirúrgico en dos tiempos operatorios. Su evolución posquirúrgica transcurrió sin complicaciones (AU).

ABSTRACT In many cases, patients with brain tumors have a variety of nonspecific psychiatric symptoms. Some of them can be the first or the only manifestation of the tumor, without presenting any neurological signs or symptoms. The diagnosis must be based on the complete anamnesis and on the neurological examination. The neuroimaging will confirm the clinical diagnosis. The unusual association of a chronic subdural hematoma and a parasagittal meningioma was described in a case presented in the current work. It dealt with a patient, aged 68 years with antecedents of schizophrenia. He assisted the consultation with left hemiparesis. A skull computed tomography showed a chronic subdural hematoma and a right parasagittal meningioma. He underwent a two-steps surgery. His post-surgery evolution ran without complications (AU).

Epidemiology and Estimated Cost of Surgery for Chronic Subdural Hematoma Conducted by the Unified Health System in Brazil (2008­2016)

Introduction Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) is one of the most frequent forms of intracranial hemorrhage. It is a collection of encapsulated, well-delimited fluid and/or coagulated blood in several clotting stages located between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. Objective To describe the epidemiological aspects of CSH described in the database of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym) regarding admission numbers, hospitalization expenses, health care professional expenses, mortality rate, and death numbers by region from 2008 to the first half of 2016. Methods The present work was performed between August and September 2016 with a review about the epidemiological aspects of CSH in Brazil according to the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) database, encompassing the period from January 2008 to June 2016, and to scientific papers from the past 10 years which were electronically published at the PubMed, Scielo, and LILACS databases. Results From 2008 to the first half of 2016, the total values were the following: hospital admission authorizations (HAAs). 33,878; hospital expenses, BRL 65,909,429.22; health care professional expenses, BRL 25,158,683.21; deaths, 2,758; and mortality rates ranging from 6.47 to 12.63%. Conclusion In spite of the high clinical relevance of CSH, epidemiological studies about this condition are limited. As such, the present paper is an updated approach on CSH, focusing on its epidemiological aspects according to the DATASUS database.

Chronic subdural hematoma: epidemiological and prognostic analysis of 176 cases / Hematoma subdural crônico: análise epidemiológica e prognóstica de 176 casos

Objective : To characterize patients with chronic subdural hematoma undergoing surgery and to identify prognostic indicators. Methods : We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) undergoing surgical treatment. We analyzed: age, period from trauma to diagnostic imaging, pre and postoperative Glasgow coma scale, type of surgery, associated comorbidities, use of postoperative drainage and outpatient treatment. Results : The sample consisted of 176 patients, 126 male and 50 female patients (ratio 2.5 : 1), ages ranged from six months to 97 years, with an average of 59.3 years. CSDH was caused by trauma in 52% of patients, with the time from trauma to imaging averaging 25.05 days; 37.7% were hypertensive patients and 20% had a neurological disease. Eighty-five (48.3%) patients were elderly and altered consciousness was present in 63% of cases. Of the 91 (51.7%) non-elderly patients, 44% presented with headache, altered consciousness occurred in 40% and motor abnormalities in 27.5%. The CSDH was located on the right in 41%, left in 43% and bilaterally in 16% of patients. Conclusion : the change of consciousness was the most common clinical alteration in the elderly and headache in non-elderly. The most associated comorbidity was the arterial hypertension and the most frequent cause, head trauma. The trepanation with two oriffices associated with a closed drainage system was the most used operating, with high efficacy and low complication rate.

Objetivo: caracterizar os pacientes com hematoma subdural crônico submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica e identificar os indicadores prognósticos. Métodos: análise retrospectiva de pacientes diagnosticados com hematoma subdural crônico (HSDC) submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Foram analisados: idade, período do trauma ao diagnóstico por imagem, escala de coma de Glasgow pré e pós-operatório, tipo de intervenção cirúrgica, comorbidades associadas, utilização de drenagem pós-operatória e acompanhamento ambulatorial. Resultados: a amostra consistiu em 176 pacientes, 126 do sexo masculino e 50 pacientes do sexo feminino (proporção de 2,5:1), a idade variou de seis meses a 97 anos, com uma média de 59,3 anos. O HSDC foi causado por trauma em 52% dos pacientes, com o intervalo do trauma ao diagnóstico por imagem, em média, de 25,05 dias. Eram hipertensos 37,7% dos pacientes e 20% possuíam alguma doença neurológica. Oitenta e cinco (48,3%) pacientes eram idosos e a alteração da consciência esteve presente em 63% dos casos. Não eram idosos 91 (51,7%)p pacientes, 44% aprresentaram cefaleia, alteração da consciência ocorreu em 40% dos pacientes e as alterações motoras, em 27,5%. O HSDC localizou-se à direita em 41%, à esquerda em 43% e, bilateral em 16% dos pacientes. Conclusão: a alteração de consciência foi a alteração clínica mais comum nos idosos e a cefaleia em não idosos. A comorbidade mais associada foi a HAS e a causa mais frequente, o traumatismo craniano. A trepanação com dois orifícios associada ao sistema de drenagem fechado foi a operação mais utilizada, com alta efetividade e baixo índice de complicações.

Hematoma subdural crônico no idoso / Chronic subdural hematoma in elderly

Os distúrbios auditivos da terceira idade vêm recebendo crescente importância na medida em que a esperança de vida aumenta e, conseqüentemente, a idade da população. A presbiacusia, alteração mais freqüente, ao lado de outras doenças auditivas são discutidas, abordando-se suas principais características, diagnóstico e o tratamento.(au)

Hematoma subdural crónico: una enfermedad del adulto mayor / Chronic subdural hematoma: a disease of elderly people

The lack of specificity and heterogeneity of the clinical picture of chronic subdural hematoma, hampers its diagnosis. Aim: To report the experience of a Neurosurgical Service in chronic subdural hematoma. Patients and methods: One hundred patients (77 male, mean age 77ñ13 years) with chronic subdural hematoma were analyzed. Results: The main clinical presentations were mental status changes (50 percent) and progressive focal neurological deficit (46 percent). Five cases presented as a transient neurological deficit. All patients were treated with burr hole drainage. Thirteen had recurrence of the hematoma and they were reoperated. The surgical mortality was 3 percent. Eighty seven patients were followed for a mean of 66 months. Eighty one of these had a complete recovery, 6 had permanent neurological deficit and 2 of these were unable to care for themselves. Bad prognosis was associated with the absence of a previous trauma to explain the hematoma and symptoms of dementia as the clinical presentation. Conclusions: Most patients with chronic subdural hematoma treated with burr hole drainage have a good outcome